CP3(C1)
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Study of functions and part of an organism and fundamental activities of plants and animals.
Physiology
Study of physical and chemical processes that make it possible for the various insect species to live
Insect Physiology
The study of toxic effects of a certain compounds
TOXICOLOGY
Study of toxicity or effectiveness of certain group of chemicals on insects
Insect Toxicology
A collective term use to all chemical which kill pest by their chemical action
Pesticides
any substance or product or mixture including active ingredients adjuvants, and pesticide formulations that intended to kill insects directly or indirectly.
Insecticides
Practical certainty that injury will not results from the use of a substance under specific condition of quantity and manner of use
Safety
Capacity of a substance to produce injury
Toxicity
Probability that injury will result from a chemical under specific conditions
Hazard
The most recently available statistics estimate the value of the global pesticide market at over $US __ billion in ____: $. billion – used on herbicides $. billion – used on insecticides $. billion – used on fungicides $. billion – used on other pesticides
The most recently available statistics estimate the value of the global pesticide market at over $US 20 billion in 1988: $8.9 billion – used on herbicides $6.1 billion – used on insecticides $4.2 billion – used on fungicides $1.3 billion – used on other pesticides
• The volume used is estimated to amount to . million metric tons (World Health Organization, ____(year)), of which about __% (equivalent to ___,___ tons annually) are used by developing countries.
• The volume used is estimated to amount to 3.1 million metric tons (World Health Organization, 1989), of which about 20% (equivalent to 600,000 tons annually) are used by developing countries.
Use of Pesticides: _______ – mostly used in the US _______ – mostly used in Western Europe _______ – mostly used in the Asian and Pacific region
Use of Pesticides: Herbicides – mostly used in the US Fungicides – mostly used in Western Europe Insecticides – mostly used in the Asian and Pacific region
In 1985, the Asian and Pacific region accounted for __% of the global pesticide consumption, with average annual growth of -%.
In 1985, the Asian and Pacific region accounted for 16% of the global pesticide consumption, with average annual growth of 5-7%.
The greatest share (about 75%) of the regional pesticide market is taken by insecticides which are mainly used on ____, ______ and __________.
The greatest share (about 75%) of the regional pesticide market is taken by insecticides which are mainly used on rice, cotton and vegetables.
• Fungicides are used mainly on _________, _______ and ________ • Herbicides is used in ____ _____ _____.
• Fungicides are used mainly on vegetables, bananas and tobacco • Herbicides is used in real estate crops
Approximately __% of all insecticides and __% of all herbicides are used for rice production
Approximately 50% of all insecticides and 80% of all herbicides are used for rice production