Chemical Tests
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Test for chloride + result.
• acidify with dilute nitric acid then add aqueous silver nitrate • WHITE precipitate formed
Test for carbonate + result.
• add dilute acid • effervescence and carbon dioxide gas produces
Test for bromide + result.
• acidify with dilute nitric acid then add aqueous silver nitrate • CREAM precipitate formed
Test for iodide + result.
• acidify with dilute nitric acid then add aqueous silver nitrate • YELLOW precipitate formed
Test for nitrate + result.
• add aqueous sodium hydroxide then aluminium foil, warm carefully • ammonia produced
Test for sulfate + result.
• acidify with dilute nitric acid and then add aqueous barium nitrate/barium chloride • white precipitate formed
acidifying with dilute nitric acid and then adding aqueous barium nitrate, white ppt formed
test for sulfate
reduction with aluminium foil and aqueous sodium hydroxide and then testing for ammonia gas
test for nitrate
acidifying with dilute nitric acid then adding aqueous silver nitrate
WHITE ppt: test for chloride CREAM ppt: test for bromide YELLOW ppt: test for iodide
reaction with dilute acid, effervescence and then testing for carbon dioxide gas
test for carbonate
Test for sulfite.
reaction with acidified aqueous potassium manganate (VII), which goes from purple to colourless
reaction with acidified aqueous potassium manganate (VII) which goes from purple to colourless
test for sulfite
How can we test for aqueous metal cations?
using aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia
We use aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia to test for…
aqueous metal cations
How can we test for aluminium cations (2 ways)?
• add aqueous NaOH, forms WHITE ppt. which is soluble in excess and gives a colourless solution • add aqueous ammonia, forms WHITE ppt. which is insoluble in excess
How can we test for ammonium cations?
• add aqueous NaOH, produces ammonia gas on warming. it will turn red litmus blue
How can we test for calcium cations (2 ways)?
• add aqueous NaOH, white ppt. formed which is insoluble in excess • add aqueous ammonia, forms no ppt. or very slightly white ppt.
How can we test for chromium (III) cations (2 ways)?
• add aqueous NaOH, green ppt. forms which is soluble excess • add aqueous ammonia, green ppt. forms, which is insoluble in excess
How can we test for copper cations (2 ways)?
• add aqueous NaOH, light blue ppt. forms which is insoluble in excess • add aqueous ammonia, light blue ppt. forms, which is soluble in excess and gives a dark blue solution
How can we test for iron (II) cations (2 ways)?
• add aqueous NaOH, green ppt. form which is insoluble in excess and turns brown near surface on standing • add aqueous ammonia, same result
How can we test for iron (III) cations (2 ways)?
• add aqueous NaOH, red-brown ppt. forms which is insoluble in excess • add aqueous ammonia, same result
How can we test for zinc cations (2 ways)?
• add aqueous NaOH, white ppt. forms which is soluble in excess and gives a colourless solution • add aqueous ammonia, same result
After adding aqueous NaOH to Z, a soluble white ppt. forms which gives a colourless solution. What is Z?
zinc
After adding aqueous ammonia/NaOH to Z, an insoluble red-brown ppt. forms. What is Z?
iron (III) cations