C9 - Crude oil

finite resource found in rocks -formed by remains of small sea animals/plants + pressurised rock -mixture of different hydrocarbons

-compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms

-before use, crude oil is split into different substances with similar boiling points

-separates substances with different boiling points

-saturated hydrocarbons -contains max hydrogen atoms

CnH(2n+2) -for every n carbon atoms there are (2n+2) H atoms

-lower boiling point -ignite + burn better -more volatile -low viscosity = runny -higher flammability

-burn better -with cleaner, less smoky flames -useful fuels

low = good ability to flow -the internal friction of a moving fluid

-higher boiling point -less volatile -thick = high viscosity -lower flammability

-each hydrocarbon fraction = similar boiling point -due to diff size molecules -collected at diff levels as gas condenses

-lowest boiling point -pumped from cooler top of gas -lighter fractions

-combustion

-water -co2

-turns blue cobalt chloride paper pink -or white anhydrous copper sulfate blue

-turns limewater cloudy

-less oxygen -some carbon atoms form carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide

-odourless -colourless -toxic -carried around body instead of o2

-larger, less useful hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller ones

-made from larger molecules -difficult to vaporise -do not burn easily (poor fuels)

-heavy fractions heated to vaporise hydrocarbons -vapour is passed over hot catalyst or -mixed w steam + heated

thermal decomposition -larger to smaller molecules

-product made from cracking

-unsaturated compounds containing at least one double bond between carbon atoms -2 fewer H atoms than alkanes