Chapter 17

A process of taking a picture of a person and simulating their appearance at either a younger or older age by manipulating the picture.

When multiple cameras feed into a single recorder that compile either a sequential of superimposed image.

The study of language.

When a person intentionally adds forced or unusual features into their own signature such that they can later disclaim the signature.

A device that uses a high voltage electrostatic charge to visualize indented writing.

The regular repetition or “periodicity” of various writing elements, such as word and letter spacing and the visual “flow” of the words on a paper.

(Dirt and scratches on the window of a photocopier that are seen as small specks on the copy.

A device that records the intensities of difference frequencies of sound as a function of time, usually as someone speaks.

The application of aspects of voice production and speech that can be used for voice identification and voice verification.

Any document over which there is some legal dispute regarding its origin, authenticity, or authorship.

Use of an authentic signature as a template that is carefully followed in making the forgery.

The bright spots that result from strong illumination, such as from the sun or artificial lighting, on the surface of the subject in the picture.

Writing where the original text is concealed by adding an opaque substances to block out the ability to visibly read a portion of the document.

An attempt by someone to disguise their handwriting.

Handwriting sample of known origin that is written under “natural” conditions, usually before the person’s writing was of any legal interest.

A writing sample provided by a suspect when asked.

A method that uses the varying interactions of different chemical compounds towards a common material to separate the components of a mixture.

Changes made to a document that including erasures, additions and deletions.

A basic styles of handwriting such as block, script, and cursive.

The act of preparing or altering a document, signature, financial certificate, work of art, or other item with the intention to defraud, damage or cheat.

When writing on a piece of paper that lies on top of other sheets causes indentations on the underlying pages.

The number of waves that pass a fixed point per unit of time.

A pseudoscientific field that tried to form a connection between the features of a person’s handwriting and their personality or character traits.

An instance where either or both the document and the signer are imaginary such that there are no exemplars and the signature cannot readily be compared with others samples.