Chapter 10: Alcohol
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What is alcohol?
Intoxicating ingredient in fermented or distilled beverages, a colorless, pungent liquid
What are the three types of alcohol? Which two can cause serious illness or death?
Ethyl alcohol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol. Methanol and isopropyl alcohol can cause serious illness or death
What is beer brewed from?
Mixture of grains
What percentage of alcohol is in beer?
3%-6%
What are ales and malt liquors brewed from?
Mixture of grains
What percentage of alcohol is in ales and malt liquors?
6%-8%
What are wines brewed from?
Grapes and other fruits
What percentage of alcohol is in wine?
9%-14%
What is fortified wine? What percentage of alcohol is in fortified wines?
Extra alcohol is added during the making of it. 20%
What is hard liquor brewed out of?
Grains and other plants
What are some examples of hard liquor?
Gin, whiskey, rum, tequila, vodka
What percentage of alcohol is in hard liquor?
35%-50%, but can be much stronger
What does the term ‘one drink’ or ‘standard drink’ refer to?
A beverage that contains 13.6g of alcohol
How many calories per gram does alcohol contain?
7 calories per gram
How does absorption work when alcohol is first consumed?
About 20% is rapidly absorbed from the stomach into the blood stream and about 75% is absorbed through the small intestine. Any remaining alcohol is absorbed into the blood stream along the gastrointestinal path
Where is the main site of alcohol metabolism?
The liver
What is metabolism?
The chemical transformation of food and other substances in the body into energy and wastes
How is alcohol metabolized?
It is first converted into acetaldehyde and then into acetate where is it burned for energy or stored as fat
Where is alcohol secreted?
Urine, the sweat glands, lungs
How does alcohol effect the brain?
It crosses the layer of cells that protects the brain and effects neurotransmitters that disrupt the communications in the brain
What is blood alcohol concentration (BAC)?
The amount of alcohol in the blood in terms of weight per unit volume, used a measure for intoxication (more alcohol consumed than metabolised)
What factors contribute to blood alcohol concentration (BAC)?
Body weight, percentage of body fat, sex (Women’s stomach enzyme that metabolizes alcohol is 4x slower than that of men), rate of consumption, water content in the body
Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. True or False?
True
What are the effects of low concentrations of alcohol?
Light-headedness, relaxation, release of inhibitions, mild euphoria and become more social