Alcohols
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What is the functional group of alcohols?
OH
How can ethanol be manufactured?
Fermentation or catalytic hydration
What are the conditions for the fermentation of glucose using yeast enzymes to produce ethanol?
The absence of oxygen at 30 degrees
What is catalytic hydration?
Reacting ethene with steam in the presence of a phosphoric acid catalyst at 300 degrees and 60-70 atm
Why does fermentation occur in the absence of oxygen?
If oxygen is present during fermentation, enzymes respire aerobically producing water and carbon dioxide instead of ethanol
How can ethanol be oxidised?
• Complete combustion • Microbial oxidation - in the presence of oxygen and bacteria, ethanol is oxidised to ethanoic acid • Chemical oxidation - Ethanol is oxidised to ethanoic acid by heating it with potassium dichromate (VI) and sulfuric acid
What colour change occurs in chemical oxidation?
The potassium dichromate (VI) changes from orange to green because it gets reduced