Bioethanol
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Produced from
fermentation of sugar by microbes
Sequence of production:
microbes convert sugar to ethanol - ethanol needs to be separated from other components through distillation - mixture is heated - ethanol boils - gas is collected and turnbed back into a liquid
Bioethanol can be mixed with ____ for use in car engines
petrol
Biofuel feedstock
recycled plant oils; crops that have high sugar contents (sugar cane and sugar beet) or starch that can be converted into sugars (maize); plants w/ high levels of plant oils such as oil palm/soy bean; wood
Another way to create bioethanol with cellulose
stem & leaves - convert tough cellulose into sugars (plant is treated with sulfuric acid, heated, or given enzymes)
Countries using bioethanol
-Brazil (1/3 cars run on bioethanol; 2/3 run on a mixture of bioethanol and petrol) -France -U.S.A. -U.K. -Argentina -South Africa Germany used in ww2
Ethanol Formula
CH3CH2OH
Ethanol is used as a blending agent w/ ____ to increas ____ and cut down ___ and other smog-causing emission
Gasoline, octane, CO
Common blends of ethanol
E10 (10% ethanol an 90% gasoline) -Used in most conventional gasoline-powered vehicles E15 (15% ethanol, 85% gasoline) - max
Some cars run on what blend of ethanol?
E85 - (51%-83% ethanol)
What percentage of gasoline in the U.S. contains some ethanol?
97%
How is ethanol made?
made from plant starches & sugars (corn starch in U.S.; sugarcane in Brazil)
biomass - ethanol through
fermentation