Chapter 1 Science and the Environment

undesired change in air, water, or soil a. pollution b. nonrenewable resource c. ecology

describes conflicts associated with sharing resources a. nonrenewable resources b. developing country c. The Tragedy of Commons

humans lived in tribes, using fires to maintain the prairie a. hunter-gatherer period b. agricultural revolution c. Industrial Revolution

characterized by high population growth rate, extreme poverty a. developing country b. developed country c. agricultural revolution

plants and animals were domesticated, human populations grew a. hunter-gatherer period b. agricultural revolution c. Industrial Revolution

natural material formed at a much slower rate than it is depleted a. resource depletion b. agricultural revolution c. nonrenewable resource

characterized by high personal wealth, and high levels of consumption a. developing country b. developed country c. pollution

the study of living things and their interaction with their nonliving environment a. Industrial Revolution b. The Tragedy of the Commons c. ecology

rate of resource use depletes resources and creates pollution and wastes a. resource depletion b. nonrenewable resources c. developed country

society shifted to fossil fuels a. hunter-gatherer period b. agricultural revolution c. Industrial Revolution

All of the following disciplines are major contributors to the field of environmental science EXCEPT a. biology and earth sciences b. chemistry and physics c. social sciences d. linguistics

Most of today’s environmental problems began during which period(s) in human history? a. hunter-gatherer period b. agricultural revolution c. Industrial Revolution d. Both hunter-gatherer period and Industrial Revolution

Environmental science is a study of which types of interactions between humans and the environment? a. how humans use natural resources b. how human beings relate to the nonliving environment c. how human actions alter the environment d. all of the above

Which of the following is studies in environmental science? a. interactions between living organisms and their nonliving environment b. impact of humans on the environment c. interactions between organisms d. all of the above

Population growth in the 20th century accelerated with environmental stress(es)? a. resource depletion b. pollution c. habitat destruction d. all of the above

Why is the world’s loss of biodiversity a source of concern? a. Humans depend on other organisms for food and oxygen. b. Species extinctions have been rare throughout history. c. Loss of biodiversity is not a concern because extinctions are common. d. Both Humans depend on other organisms for food and oxygen and species extinctions have been rare throughout history.

Using economic considerations of resource use, the law of supply and demand describes the a. availability of abundant resources b. relationship between the availability and the worth of resources c. worth of nonrenewable resources d. reduced demand resulting from lack of available resources

Listing both the merits and expenses involved in implementing a particular environmental solution is an example of a(n) a. cost-benefit analysis b. risk assessment c. ecological footprint d. market equilibrium

Compared with their counterparts in developed countries, individuals in developing nations typically have a a. higher standard of living b. larger ecological footprint c. shorter life span d. greater dependence on fossil fuels

Achieving a sustainable world is a goal that will depend on a. responsible consumption by developed countries b. a higher standard of living in developing countries c. cooperation between governments, industry, and citizens d. Both responsible consumption by developed countries and cooperation between governments, industry, and citizens