ch9

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

What is a gene pool

Back (Answer)

Complete set of all alleles present in a population

Front (Question)

Large gene pool

Back (Answer)

Greater number of alleles=more genetic diversity

Front (Question)

Small gene pool

Back (Answer)

Less number of different alleles=less genetic diversity

Front (Question)

What is a mutation

Back (Answer)

A mutation is a permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of a section of DNA - Change of arrangement - Change in the amount of DNA in a cell - Mutations are permanent changes

Front (Question)

How do mutations occur?

Back (Answer)

• DNA copying mistakes (chemical) • Viral infections (biological) • Radiation (physical)

Front (Question)

What are point mutations?

Back (Answer)

A change to one base in the nucleotide sequence of a section of DNA

Front (Question)

Base substitutions include:

Back (Answer)

• Silent • Missense • Nonsense

Front (Question)

Frameshift mutations include:

Back (Answer)

• Insertion • Deletion

Front (Question)

Silent

Back (Answer)

A single substitution may have no effect DNA triplet codes for the same amino acid

#10

Front (Question)

Missense

Back (Answer)

A single substituion that changes the amino acid This could change the protein

#11

Front (Question)

Nonsense

Back (Answer)

A single substitution that ends the sequence early Codes for a STOP, making protein nonfunctional

#12

Front (Question)

What are block mutations and its causes

Back (Answer)

Large sections of DNA are altered as a result of spontaneous errors during meiosis

#13

Front (Question)

Deletion

Back (Answer)

Removal of a section of DNA

#14

Front (Question)

Duplication

Back (Answer)

Replicating a section, lengthening the sequence

#15

Front (Question)

Inversion

Back (Answer)

Reversal of a section of DNA (flipping)

#16

Front (Question)

Translocation

Back (Answer)

Switching two sections of DNA

#17

Front (Question)

Insertion

Back (Answer)

Taking one section and placing it into another

#18

Front (Question)

Polyploidy

Back (Answer)

Organism with two or more sets on chromosomes Lethal in humans, common in plants 3n, 4n, etc

#19

Front (Question)

Aneuploidy

Back (Answer)

Addition or loss of one chromosome 2n + 1 or 2n - 1

#20

Front (Question)

What are selection pressures

Back (Answer)

Conditions or factors that influence the allele frequencies in a population Eg. Predator, disease, competition

#21

Front (Question)

Natural selection

Back (Answer)

• Genetic variation exists in a population • Selection pressure or who has the selective advantage/disadvntage • How the selection pressure effects certain individuals • Favoured alleles are passed down as they are inherited.

#22

Front (Question)

Genetic drift

Back (Answer)

Sudden or random change in allele frequency within the population

#23

Front (Question)

Bottleneck

Back (Answer)

• Natural disaster or human destruction • Almost the whole population is killed off, leaving only a few individuals

#24

Front (Question)

Founder’s effect

Back (Answer)

• Small population colonises a new area • Becomes isolated