Chapter 13
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Absorption
In spectroscopy, it is the absorption or uptake of light by a substance, accompanied by an increase in the energy of the molecules or atoms of the substance.
Corrosive Poisons
Substances that physically destroy tissues upon direct contact and usually act immediately, such as strong acids and bases.
Cytotoxin
A substance that is toxic to cells.
Analyte
The compound that you’re analyzing for.
Chronic Exposure
An amount of a chemical administered over a long period of time.
Acute Dose
An amount of a chemical administered over a short period of time.
Controlled Substance Act (CSA)
A law that established the legal US foundation for the criminal guidelines for holding different amounts of controlled substances.
Barbiturates
Derivatives of barbituric acid that act as depressants.
BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration)
A measure of the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream, usually given in terms of grams of alcohol in 100 mL of blood (sometimes referred to as milligram percent).
Acidosis
The acidification of the blood.
Bioavailability
The amount of the compound that reaches the bloodstream
Bioaccumulation
The accumulation of a substance in an organism.
Elimination
The removal of substances, such as metabolic waste products, from the body.
Dose
The amount of a substance administered at a particular time.
Ethnopharmacology
The exploration of traditional folk remedies for finding new drugs.
Depressants
Compounds that act to depress the functioning of the central nervous system, bringing about calmness and sleep.
Distribution
The spreading of a substance after administration throughout an organism.
Hallucinogens
Compounds that alter normal thought processes, perceptions, personal awareness, and psychological moods.
Field Sobriety Test
Testing that involves a series of behavioral tasks done by a person suspected of being intoxicated.
Henry’s Law:
The physical principle that states that when a solution containing a dissolved volatile compound is brought into contact with a gas, a fixed equilibrium is setup between the amount of the volatile compound in the air and the amount dissolved in the liquid.
Horizontal Gaze Nystagamus (HGN)
A test that examines the involuntary jerking of the eye as a person looks from side to side to gage levels of alcohol impairment.
Horizontal Gaze Nystagamus (HGN)
A test that examines the involuntary jerking of the eye as a person looks from side to side to gage levels of alcohol impairment.
Synesthesia
An effect that occurs when stimulation of one sensory form leads to stimulation of another sensation.
Toxicology
The field that deals with the effects or poisons and their effects.