mid-year exam

a motor skill is a voluntary muscular movement that involves specific movements of the bodys muscles to perform a certain task. eg = running, throwing a ball, swimming

a motor program is the set of instructions held in memory that is sent to the muscles resulting in movement

smaller components of a motor program, when performed in the correct sequence produce skilled movement example = tennis = grip, stance, ball toss, backwards swing, forward swing, ball contact, follow through

• movement precision • type of movement • predictability of the environment

• cognitive (understanding) • associative stage (practise) • autonomous stage (automatic)

• fine motor skills = involves precise movement often using small muscle groups eg. bouncing a ball before a serve • gross motor skills = often a whole body movement using many and/or large muscle groups eg. dance

discrete = having a distinct beginning and ending eg .kicking a ball continuous = having no definite beginning and ending eg. running, walking serial = number of discrete skills performed in a movement sequence eg. gymnastics

open = performed in an environment that is unpredictable or requires the performer to adapt their responses to the environment eg. white water rafting closed = performed in an environment that is predictable & stable. they are self paced eg. diving routine

= identification and development of the components of the skill. you learn what is needed to perform the skill. characteristics = make many errors, broken down into smaller parts, get an idea of the skill point for the coach = provide an accurate demonstration, give clear instructions, don’t overload information

= the practise stage where the performer become familiar with sequence and timing • recognises errors themselves, develop anticipation & timing, know how to do the skill not just what to do • practise in competition simulated situations, specific feedback, challenge performer by increasing intensity

= developed the learnt skill so that it become automatic, little or no conscious thought • effortless movement, little to no thinking, performer can identify and correct their own errors • chucking, continue to focus on little components to perfect

• gender = • age = younger children can process information easier than adults • previous experience • motivation • quality of instructions

• massed • distributed • whole • part practise

= biomechanics is the science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on a human body or object and the effects produced by these forces

massed - practising a skill consistently and continuously until it has been learnt = can lead to fatigue and lack of motivation eg. basketball distributed - short, frequent practise sessions with rest intervals = reduces fatigue, increases motivation eg. match play

whole - involves learning the skill in its entirety eg. golf part - it is the learning of skills broken down into part or subroutines progressive practise = whole and part practise. a skill is taught by learning the parts before practising as a whole eg. diving

fixed/drill - when the same movement skills is practised over and over again = repetition, environment does not change : hockey shooting varied - practising skills in varied environments to help with open environments

= learning through discovery and investigation, players develop a good understanding of strategies and game plans

= rules which we learn in order to execute skills in differing environments and situation = knowing how much force to apply to a ball when throwing it 10m apposed to 40m

sensory input ] Processing/ decision making ] output ] feedback

information from the external environment is received through the senses.

stimulus identification = once the stimulus is received it has meaning attributed to it from memory response selection = the response from the chosen stimulus must be decided response programming = the correct response must be prepared by the motor system to initiate the required motor program

= movement that occurs as a result of the initiation neurons - responding to a situation

= all the information a person receives about the performance