Science - Heat | Test #9

(Law of the Conservation of Energy) Energy can never be created or destroyed only change forms (Potential Energy to Kinetic Energy)

form of energy that is transferred between systems, objects, or areas with different temperatures generally moves from objects/areas with higher temperatures to lower temperatures The transfer of heat continues until equilibrium has been achieved

measure of the average energy of motion of the particles of a particular substance (affected by heat) e.g. ice < water(temp) bc there is less heat affecting the water molecules compared to the water

Conduction, Convection, and Radiation

toh directly from one object to another e.g. stove heating up a pot of water

heat moving through a liquid or a gas e.g. warmer air rises, and cooler air falls

heat being transferred by electromagnetic waves e.g. heat felt from a fire without having to touch it

Freezing point (liquid to solid) Boiling point (liquid to gas) Ignition point (temperature where substance will combust)

it cannot be further oxidized or burnt

Law of Entropy(Second Law of Thermodynamics) when energy is converted into another form, not all the energy is converted

Ex. Turning on an incandescent light bulb When electricity is converted to create light energy, the majority of the energy is converted into heat energy

traditional “waste” of most energy transfers

several mechanisms that humans have created allow heat transfers more constructively, instead of being the byproduct

allow for machines to make heat flow from one area to another

The Compressor (Refrigerator) forces coolants to circulate and remove heat from within and transfer that heat away from the refrigerator

designed to convert Heat Energy into Mechanical Energy Ex. Steam Engines The Boiler(steam engine)s allows for the heating of water: creates an expansive gas that drive a piston to move

Coldest theoretical temp in our universe -273.15 C

temp decreases:kinetic energy decreases CM(Classic mechanics) Atoms can stop moving at A0 QM(quantum mechanics) Atoms never stop no matter the temp

Warmth((body) diffuses with cold; removes heat from body HB radiates heat naturally into environment: temp(<20 C) Encourages Heat removal through perspiration which cools the body through evaporation

starts to occur if temp is <-35 C B is unable to produce Heat fast enough to compensate for Heat loss

Zero resistance when conducting energy Mercury, Aluminum and Lead: Ability to become SC of energy when close to A0 Can create magnetic fields that allow of levitation through the Meissner effect

Certain level of resistance when moving energy through its molecular structure

Sensory observations Ex. hippocrates would encourage doctors to touch(fever)

Ability to determine the ambient or specific temp Measure average kinetic energy or molecules of an environmental/substance