Eukaryotic Chromosome Structure and Function
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Which dye binds to chromosomes?
DAPI
When are chromosomes visible?
During cell division
Proteins contained in the nucleus are involved in what?
Packaging and unfolding of DNA within the nuclues Controlling DNA replication, DNA repair and genetic recombination Maintainging chromosome integrity by preventing loss of end sequences Governing segregation Regulating gene expression
Which organelles contain some DNA?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
What is a karyotype?
The organised representation of all the chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell at metaphase The chromosomes are painted a different colour each
Where is transcriptionally inactive DNA located in the interphase nuclues?
On the periphery
Trasncriptional activation of a gene is accomponied by what movement?
The genes move from the periphary to the centre of the nuclues They move out of their chromosome territory to centre of the nucleus
How thick is condensed isolated chromatin?
30nm thick
What are the protein subunits of the nueclosomes called?
Core histones
How many subunits make up a core histone?
8
How do histones regulate chromatin structure and function?
They have 8 tails which can interact with other other proteins
What is a telomere?
DNA sequences at the ends of linear chromosomes that maintain chromosomal integrity
What is a replication origin?
DNA sequences where DNA replication is initiated
What is a centromere?
DNA sequences on which kinetochores assemble and mediate chromosome segregation at mitosis and meiosis
What is a kinetochore?
Protein complex that binds microtubules in the mitotic spindle
What is the sequence of a telomere?
Repeats of TTAGGG
Which enzyme replicates telomeres?
Telomerase
Where are alpha satellite sequences located?
In condensed heterochromatin
What do kinetochore inner plates bind to?
Alpha satellite DNA
What do kinetochore outer plates bind to?
Components of the mitotic spindle in microtubules
Describe the kinetochore in yeast
Basket that links a single nucleosome of centromic chromatin to a single microtubule
How many microtubules can human kinetochores capture?
20
How much of the human genome codes for the proteins?
1.5%
50% of what makes up the human genome?
repeated DNA sequence elements