3 TEST

The instruction manuel that tells each cell of your entire body what to do.

In every cell of your body

It comes from your mom’s egg and dad’s sperm ( 23 chromosone each)

A (Adenine), G (Guanine), T ( Thymine), C ( Cytoisne)

1 : Collect the cells 2 : Break the cell membrane ( Lysis buffer) 3: Digest proteins ( with a protease) to realse the DNA 4: Precipitate the DNA ( with Alcool) 5: Determine the concentration of DNA obtained

1 : Extracting DNA 2 : Cutting and orAmplifying the DNA 3: Seperating the fragement with electrophoresis 4 : Visualizing the fragement the DNA 5 : Making a match

• Food identification • Identifying human remains • Proving a prisonner didnt do a crime • Studying relateness between people

Determine the source or authenticity of a document ( a will, lottery ticket, check etc)

Position, writing instrument, time

Samples written by the person that already exsist and are authenthic. Avantages : alreayx exist, cannot be altered.

Samples written by the person that are demanded with similar writing instrument, similar paper, words found on the document, if cursive, same thing. Advantages : Authenticity is immediate Disadvantages : Changes in handwriting can occur due to stress, they may attempt to change their handwriting.

• Form of the letters • Content • Line features • Margins and format

freehand simulation, tracing, disguised writing

Drawing previous, forger’s tremors, speed, hesitation, unusual pen lift, patching and retouching,blunt beginning an ending

• Erasures • -Obliterations ( in fire) • Alteration • Overwritting

Microscopes, naked eye, UV, Oblitaration : reflecting light UV, microsope for Aliteration

Marks left when writting on a paper on top of it. Using ESDA, Oblique light. Go see in the notebook if you read this, page 84

To find out if pages were added etc. They check the chemical analysis of both, and for INk, they use TLC or a microsope.

Hardware is components and software is programs

Cpu : processor of the computer ROM : used to start the boot sequence and configure a computer’s components BIOS : basic input output system RAM : temporary info, always changing info stored on it HDD : stores windows, programs, data files permanent record

Once you power up your computer a series of steps will be undertaken. 1-Power is delivered to the motherboard and all of the hardware throught the power supply 2- A power-on self-test (POST) is performed by the flash ROM 3- The flash ROM tests the motherboard to ensure that the hardware is there and follows a programmed boot order. 4- The HDU (usual boot device) is sent control. It locates the first sector of its disk (master boot record), determines its layout (partition(s)), and boots an operating system. S- You now have your desktop in front of you 6- Double click on an icon on the desktop (Excel) to open it. The CP_ locates Excel on the HDD and loads it into RAM via the system bus and sends the output to the monitor through the video controller on Using the keyboard, you type information which is stored into Lion Printing the document means the data is taken from RAM, processed by the CPU, put in a printable format and sent through the system bus to the external port where the printer is connected. Saving the document means the data is taken from RAM, processed by the CPU, passed to the HDD through the system bus and written to a portion of the HDD

• Each devices will be photographed -Before the equiment is seized, they have to decided if they perform a live acquisition of the data, perform a system sthudown, pull the plug from the back of the computer Cellphones will be turnet off and battery removed, place in a Faraday bag and turned off

Devices will be examined in an isolation chamber Devices will be switch to read only mode Data will be extracted Original device will go to evidence to be examined fro anything else ( fingerprints, dna etc) -Analysis of the extracted data will begin : they look at the data, swap file data, temporary files, slack space, unallocated space, defragmenting, deleted files

Computer :the data, swap file data, temporary files, slack space, unallocated space, defragmenting, deleted files Online : Internet cache, internet cookies, internet history, bookmark and favorite places, chat conversation, instant messags, email exchange, IP adress