Ch.24 transition elements
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d group elements fill the 4s sub shell before the 3d sub shell apart from which elements
chromium and copper they are thought to do this for stability
d block ions
loose their 4s electrons first
what is a transition element
d block elements that form at least 1 ion with a partially filled d orbital
what 2 elements are d block but not transition elements and why
scandium and zinc Sc only forms Sc3+ losing both 4s e-s and the only 3d e- Zn only forms Zn2+ it only loses the 2 4s e-s retaining a full 3d sub shell
properties of transition metals
form compound in which they have a rage of oxidation states they form coloured compounds the elements and their compounds can act as catalysts
V 2+
violet
V 3+
green
VO 2+
blue
VO2 +
yellow
Cr 3+
green but can be violet when surrounded by 6 H2O
Cr2O7 2-
orange
Mn 2+
pale pink
MnO4 2-
green
MnO4 -
purple
Fe 2+
pale green
Fe 3+
yellow
Co 2+
pink
Ni 2+
green
Cu 2+
blue
Ti 2+
violet
Ti 3+
purple
what catalyst is used for Zn acid reactions
Cu2+
what catalyst is used for the decomposition of H2O2
MnO2
what is a ligand
molecule or ion that donates a pair of e-s to a central metal ion to form a coordinate bond or dative covalent bond