Chapter 20
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What do acids release in water?
H⁺ ions
What do alkalis release in water?
OH⁻ ions
What is the Arrhenius model of acids and bases?
1) acids dissociate and release H⁺ ions in aqueous solution 2) alkalis dissociate and release OH⁻ ions in aqueous solution 3) H⁺ ions are neutralised by OH⁻ ions to form water: H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) –> H₂O)(l)
What is a Brønsted-Lowry acid?
proton donor
What is a Brønsted-Lowry base?
proton acceptor
What does the Brønsted-Lowry model for acids and bases emphasise?
The role of proton transfer between species
What is the equation showing the dissociation of hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq)?
HCl(aq) ⇌ H⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)
Is HCl a strong or weak acid?
strong
What is a conjugate acid-base pair?
two species that can be interconverted by transfer of a proton
What is the formula for the hydronium ion?
H₃O⁺
What happens in dissociation?
A proton is transferred from an acid to a base
What is required to be present for dissociation to take place?
water
What is H₃O⁺(aq) often simplified to?
H⁺(aq)
What terms refer to the total number of hydrogen atoms in the acid that can be replaced per molecule in an acid-base reaction?
1) monobasic 2) dibasic 3) tribasic
What type of acid is HCl?
monobasic
What type of acid is CH₃COOH?
monobasic
What type of acid is H₂CO₃?
dibasic
What type of acid is H₃BO₃?
tribasic
HNO₃(aq) + NaOH(aq) –>
NaNO₃(aq) + H₂O(l)
H₂SO₄(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) –>
Na₂SO₄(aq) + 2H₂O(l)
H₃PO₄(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) –>
Na₃PO₄(aq) + 3H₂O(l)
What do acids react with to form salts?
1) metals 2) carbonates 3) metal oxides 4) alkalis
acid + metal –>
salt + hydrogen
2H⁺(aq) + Zn(s) –>
Zn²⁺(aq) +H₂(g)