Final Exam Review
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What are the 5 steps of scientific inquiry?
Identify problem Form hypothesis Test hypothesis Collect and interpret results Report results
The 6 major groups of food crops are:
Oil crops Cereal crops Fruit crops Vegetable crops Sugar crops Roots and tubers
Besides human nutrition, plants are used for:
Medicine Pleasure/ornamentals Fuel Fiber
Explain the difference between climate and weather.
Climate: weather patterns of any given area Weather: the climate values at any given time
What factors effect climate?
Bodies of water Mountains Valleys Temperature Precipitation Solar radiation Wind direction and speed Seasonal variation
What are the nine steps in the hydrologic cycle?
Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Transpiration Infiltration Groundwater Aquifer Runoff Accumulation
Discuss photoperiod in regard to short day, long day, and day neutral plants
Short day - only flower when the day length is shorter than the critical time length of plants Long day - only flower when the day length is longer than the critical time length of plants Day neutral - flower during any day length as long as other conditions are good
Describe the two different ways we irrigate crops
Overheads - where sprinklers hang over the crops and water them as it travels around the field Flooding - water crops until standing water is noticeable around them
Chains of carbons linked together with H and O atoms
Carbohydrates
Carbon chains with H but no O atoms
Fatty acids
Carboxyl (OH attached to C) and amine (NH2)
Amino acids
Long chains of amino acids
Proteins
Soil is composed of what 4 components:
Solid Organic Liquid Air
Water left after gravity has drained what it can is considered the:
Field capacity
What are the 5 factors for soil formation:
Parent material Time Topography Biology Climate
4 processes of chemical weathering are:
Dissolution - parent material dissolves Hydration - molecular water is added to a compound to make it easier to pulverize Hydrolysis - reaction with water to make a more soluble product Oxidation - formation of oxides of parent material
Which soil horizon accumulates nutrients, fine particles from upper layer, has less organic material and some roots present
Horizon B
Which soil horizon is unweathered or slightly weathered and can include the accumulation of calcium carbonate and other salts
Horizon C
Which soil horizon contains most roots, largest amount of organic matter, permeable and dark color, and the area of greatest leaching
Horizon A
The pH range for most plants to grow lies between ______ and ______.
5 and 7
Briefly explain the cation exchange capacity and its importance to growing crops.
cation exchange capacity is the soil particles ability to hold and attract positively charged ions. It is important so farmers know what nutrients need to be added to the soil and at the wrong capacity the soil can have the nutrients but could not be available to plant
Thick proteinaceous liquid where organelles flow
Cytoplasm
Site of protein synthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum
Site of photosynthesis
Chloroplasts