C1.3 Separating Mixtures
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What is a mixture?
➢ A mixture is made up of two or more substances that are not chemically combined together
What is insoluble?
➢ Substances that are unable to dissolve in a particular solvent
What is soluble?
➢ Able to dissolve in water
What is a solute?
➢ The dissolved substances in a solution
What is a solvent?
➢ The liquid in with the solute dissolves to form a solution
When is filtration used?
➢ Used to separate substances that are insoluble in a particular solvent
What equipment do you need for filtration?
➢ Funnel ➢ Filter paper ➢ Beaker
When is Crystallisation used?
➢ To obtain a sample of pure salt
How would you separate NaCl from a salt solution
➢ You would evaporate the water from the NaCl solution ➢ Do this by heating it in an evaporating dish on a water bath
When should heating be stopped when crystallizing NaCl?
➢ When the solution is at the point of crystallisation
What should you do after there are crystals left in the evaporating basin?
➢ Leave at room temperature to evaporate the remaining water
When is distillation used?
➢ To separate different solvents
How does simple distillation work?
➢ The solution is heated and boiled to evaporate the solvent ➢ The vapor given off then enters a condenser ➢ Hot vapor is cooled and condensed back into a liquid for collection in a receiving vessel