10 Reproduction

Production of new individuals without fertilisation.

Production of new individuals as a result of fertilisation.

Only one parent required. Often large numbers of organisms can be produced in a relatively short time. All offspring produced are identical so should survive well in conditions in which parent grows.

Lack of variation, any change in conditions will affect them. Not suited to moving away and exploiting environments with different conditions.

Fusion of gametes bring genetic information from both parents creating variety. Better adapted to different conditions than parents, chance of survival increases in changing conditions.

Requires second parent, takes time and energy to find. Can also be failure to mate. Takes longer time.

Binary fission. When large enough, genetic material copies itself. Cell splits in half. Repeated; can occur rapidly.

Occurs when there is fertilisation: nucleus of male gamete fuses with the nucleus of female gamete to form a zygote. Zygote will contain genetic information from both parent, making it unique. Involves haploid cells (gametes) and diploid cells (zygote).

Anther (holds pollen) and Filament (supports anther) = Stamen.

Stigma (opening/pollen entrance) and Style (Tube-like structure for pollen transport) = Carpel

Small petals Green or inconspicuous petals no scent no nectaries many anthers, large and hang out pollen grains have smooth outer walls stigmas are large and feathery produce a lot of pollen pollen is light

Large petals brightly colored petals often scented nectaries present few small anthers inside the flower pollen grains sticky or spiky stigmas small inside the flower produce smaller amounts of pollen pollen is heavier

When the seed coat breaks open, and the embryo starts to grow and develop into a new plant.

temperature moisture oxygen

Swell the seed and burst seed coat. More water required for: activation of hormones and enzymes hydrolysis of storage compounds transport of materials to be used for respiration and growth metabolic reactions and enzyme actions that occur in solution

Transferring pollen from one flower to another.

Produce sperm cells and male sex hormones. They are both stored in the scrotum.

Tubes that carry sperm from testes to penis.

Tube that carries urine from the bladder or sperm from sperm ducts out of penis.

Carries urine or sperm out of body. Penis swells with blood and stiffens, an erection, allows male to release sperm into female during sexual intercourse.

Contains egg cells.

Tube that carries eggs to uterus.

Where baby develops before being born.

Ring of muscle at entrance of uterus, keeps baby in place during pregnancy.