9.1 Hydrocarbons
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How was crude oil formed
• over millions of years from the remains of ancient sea animals and plants (mainly plankton) • over time, layer upon layer of rock was laid on top • this created conditions (high pressure and temperature in absence of oxygen) to make crude oil
What is crude oil made up of
A mixture of many different carbon compounds, mainly hydrocarbons
What are hydrocarbons
Compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms
Fractions def
Hydrocarbons with similar boiling points separated from crude oil
Distillation def
A way to separate liquids from a mixture of liquids by boiling off the substances at different temperatures, then condensing and collecting the liquids
Alkanes def
Saturated hydrocarbons with the formula CnH2n+2
Saturated hydrocarbons def
A hydrocarbon with only single bonds between its carbon atoms. This means that it contains as many hydrogen atoms as possible in each molecule.
Alkane with 1 carbon atom
Methane
Alkane with 2 carbon atoms
Ethane
Alkane with 3 carbon atoms
Propane
Alkane with 4 carbon atoms
Butane
Describe the bonds in alkanes
• saturated hydrocarbons • all carbon-carbon bonds are single covalent bonds • alkanes contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible in each molecule