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Chapter 11

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

#1
Front (Question)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) =

Back (Answer)

disease of the heart and blood vessels

#2
Front (Question)

leading cause of death among North Americans:

Back (Answer)

CVD

#3
Front (Question)

One-third of Canadians will die of:

Back (Answer)

CVD

#4
Front (Question)

MAJOR CVD Risk Factors That CAN Be Changed:

Back (Answer)

# 1 TOBACCO USE + EXPOSURE TO E.T.S # 2 HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE (hypertension) # 3 UNHEALTHY CHOLESTEROL LEVELS # 4 PHYSICAL INACTIVITY # 5 OBESITY # 6 DIABETES (and pre-diabetes)

#5
Front (Question)

Smokers -

Back (Answer)

• 2-4x more likely to develop CVD +70% chance of dying of CVD (compared to non-smokers) • Causes about 1 in 5 Cdn. deaths from CVD

#6
Front (Question)

Female smokers:

Back (Answer)

2x cervical cancer, 3x death from CVD, 5x death from stroke

#7
Front (Question)

tobacco use:

Back (Answer)

 Damages artery linings  Reduces HDL  Raises LDL and triglycerides  Causes platelets to stick together (clots)  Raises heart rate and blood pressure  Displaces oxygen in the blood  Increases the rate of development of fatty deposits in arteries

#8
Front (Question)

pressure when heart contracts:

Back (Answer)

systole

#9
Front (Question)

pressure when heart relaxes:

Back (Answer)

diastole

#10
Front (Question)

High blood pressure strains and weakens the heart by

Back (Answer)

increasing its workload, damages and reduces elasticity of the arteries, and increases risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, blindness

#11
Front (Question)

In high blood pressure, Extra force exerted on artery walls by:

Back (Answer)

 Increased output of blood  Increased resistance within arteries

#12
Front (Question)

in high blood pressure, what happens in artery walls?

Back (Answer)

atherosclerosis

#13
Front (Question)

why is CVD a Silent killer?

Back (Answer)

damage and increased risk of death from heart attack is hard to detect – no overt symptoms

#14
Front (Question)

see blood pressure classification!

Back (Answer)

see blood pressure classification!

#15
Front (Question)

Reduce high blood pressure with ..

Back (Answer)

 regular exercise,  weight loss  healthy diet (*reduced salt*) (potassium + fibre increased to recommended levels)  moderation of alcohol intake

#16
Front (Question)

= unhealthy (“bad”) cholesterol;

Back (Answer)

LDL

#17
Front (Question)

= healthy (“good”) cholesterol;

Back (Answer)

HDL

#18
Front (Question)

LDL what does it do?

Back (Answer)

excess amounts deposited in artery walls

#19
Front (Question)

HDL what does it do?

Back (Answer)

 shuttles unused cholesterol back to the liver for recycling

#20
Front (Question)

is a fatty, waxy substance that circulates in the blood

Back (Answer)

cholesterol

#21
Front (Question)

cholesterol forms part of:

Back (Answer)

 cell membranes  sex hormones  Vitamin D  lung coatings  protective, insulating nerve coatings

#22
Front (Question)

cholesterol is produced in ___ and consumed in ___

Back (Answer)

liver, foods

#23
Front (Question)

unhealthy cholesterol Levels can be improved by:

Back (Answer)

 quitting smoking,  losing weight  exercising,  improving diet

#24
Front (Question)

improving diet for cholesterol:

Back (Answer)

 replace saturated and trans fat with unsaturated fat + soluble fibre to promote the excretion of LDL via liver,  add more fruits, vegetables, fiber, whole grains,  reduce overall fat intake