Transition Metals
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why do the elements from Sc to Cu have the characteristics of transition metals?
they have an incomplete d sub-level in atoms or ions
why do the elements from Sc to Cu have the characteristics of transition metals?
they have an incomplete d sub-level in atoms or ions
what are the characteristics of transition metals?
• complex formation • formation of coloured ions • variable oxidation states • catalytic activity
why is Zn not a transition metal?
Zn can only form a +2 ion. In this ion the Zn2+ has a complete d orbital and so does not meet the criteria of having an incomplete d orbital in one of its compounds
define complex
is a central metal ion surrounded by ligands
define ligand
An atom, ion or molecule which can donate a lone electron pair.
what is co-ordinate bonding?
when the shared pair of electrons in the covalent bond come from only one of the bonding atoms
how is coordinate bonding involved in transition metals?
when the shared pair of electrons in the covalent bond come from only one of the bonding atoms
define co- ordinate number
The number of co-ordinate bonds formed to a central metal ion.
what are the 3 types of ligands?
• monodentate • bidentate • multidentate
what is meant by monodentate + give some example?
they can form one coordinate bond per ligand e.g.= H2O, NH3 and Cl
what is meant by bidentate + give some example?
they have two atoms with lone pairs and can form two coordinate bonds per ligand e.g= NH2CH2CH2NH2 and ethanedioate ion C2O4 2-
what is meant by multidentate + give some example?
which can form six coordinate bonds per ligand e.g= EDTA 4-
describe what what happens with the exchange of the ligands NH3 and H2O in the reaction with [Co(H20)6] 2+ and [Cu(H2O)6] 2+ & write the equations
-there is no change in the co-ordination number [Co(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + 6NH3 (aq) -> [ Co(NH3)6]2+ (aq) + 6H2O (l) -and with the substitution is also incomplete [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + 4NH3 (aq) -> [ Cu(NH3)4 )H2O)2]2+ (aq) + 4H2O (l) -Cu becomes [ Cu(NH3)4 )H2O)2]2+ deep blue solution
describe what what happens with the exchange of the ligands NH3 and H2O in the reaction between [Co(H20)6] 2+ & write the equations
-there is no change in the co-ordination number (e.g. CO2+ and Cu2+
what are the characteristics of transition metals?
• complex formation • formation f coloured ions • variable oxidation states • catalytic activity
why is Zn not a transition metal?
Zn can only form a +2 ion. In this ion the Zn2+ has a complete d orbital and so does not meet the criteria of having an incomplete d orbital in one of its compounds
define complex
is a central metal ion surrounded by ligands
define ligand
An atom, ion or molecule which can donate a lone electron pair.
what is co-ordinate bonding?
when the shared pair of electrons in the covalent bond come from only one of the bonding atoms
how is coordinate bonding involved in transition metals?
when the shared pair of electrons in the covalent bond come from only one of the bonding atoms
define co- ordinate number
The number of co-ordinate bonds formed to a central metal ion.
what are the 3 types of ligands?
• monodentate • bidentate • multidentate
what is meant by monodentate + give some example?
they can form one coordinate bond per ligand e.g.= H2O, NH3 and Cl