Joints and Ligaments
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What is syndesmology/arthrology
The study of articulations (unions) between bones, known as joints
Are all joints mobile?
No, many bony articulations allow for only very slight or no movement under normal circumstances
What tissue unites the bones of a joint?
Fibrous tissue or cartilage
What reflects a joint’s specific task?
Structure and arrangement of the tissues that unite bones
What are the three types of joints?
Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
What connects a fibrous joint?
Collagenous, fibrous connective tissue
What do fibrous joints not have?
A joint cavity
What level of movement do fibrous joints permit?
Very limited movement
What is a syndesmosis?
A joint that is united by a fibrous tissue that permits only slight movement
What is a suture?
A fibrous joint between flat bones of the skull that often completely ossifies with maturity
What is a gomphosis?
A specialized fibrous joint that unites teeth to the boney sockets of the mandible and maxilla (upper jaw)
What is the periodontium?
The collagenous tissues and fibroblasts that join the tooth to the socket
What are cartilaginous joints?
A joint where the bones are completely joined by cartilage, which can be either hyaline or fibrocartilage
What level of movement do cartilagenous joints provide?
More movement than fibrous joints, but less movement than synovial joints
What is a synchondrosis?
An immovable joint that is united by hyaline cartilage
What is a symphysis?
A joint united by fibrous tissue and cartilage (fibrocartilagenous joint) Intervertebral disks have this kind of joint
What do “diarthroses” and “diarthrodial” mean and what do they describe?
They mean “freely mobile” and describe synovial joints
What is a synostosis?
A syndesmosis (fibrous), synchondrosis (hyaline cartilaginous), or symphysis (fibrocartilage) joint that has been replaced by bone
What is a synovial joint?
The most common type of joint in the body that is freely mobile and has a joint cavity, unlike fibrous and cartilaginous joints
What type of movement does a plane joint allow?
Gliding (clavicle)
What type of movement does a pivot joint allow?
Rotational, monaxial (side to side, up and down) (neck)
What type of movement does a saddle joint allow?
Angular, biaxial (flexion (bending), extension (increasing angle), abduction (away from midline), adduction (toward midline)) (human thumb)
What type of movement does a condylar joint allow?
Angular, biaxial, (up and down, side to side), circumduction (wrist)
What type of movement does a hinge joint allow?
Angular, monaxial (flexion, extension) (knee, elbow, ankle)