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Aromatic directing groups
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Total cards: 2•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026
Card preview (2)
#1
Front (Question)
What are electron donating groups?
Back (Answer)
-OH and -NH2 groups donate electrons into benzene ring, increasing e- density of delocalised pi ring. Benzene is more reactive So reactions occur more readily. Substitution occurs at positions 2&4 (ortho- & para-)
#2
Front (Question)
What are electron withdrawing groups?
Back (Answer)
-NO2 substituent groups withdraws electron from benzene ring, lowering e- density of delocalised pi ring. Benzene less reactive. Reactions occur less readily. Substitution occurs at position 3 (meta-)