1.1 Skeletal System

Axial (80 bones): are bones along the vertical axis Appendicular(126 bones): Consist of the shoulder girdle, the upper limbs, the pelvic girdle, and the lower limbs

• Blood cell production • Protection • Attachment • Storage and release of minerals • Support

Superior

inferior

anterior

posterior

medial

lateral

proximal

distal

Tendons, Ligaments, Cartilage

Strong Strips attaching muscles to bones,

Strong Bands connecting bones to bones at joints , they are elasticated to allow movement of joint, stops movement outside of normal range

Soft cushioning substance that covers ends of bones , acts as shock absorber and reduces bones rubbing together

Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial

-continuous with periosteum -no movement allowed at these joints Example: Sutures in between bones of skull.

limited movement allowed

• most commonly occurring joints -Free movement in one or more planes -most important for motility

Space between bones

Small fluid-filled sacs found in areas of high stress Found where two structures rub against each other e.g ligament and bone, tendon and bone Lined by synovial membrane which provide lubrication thereby reducing friction

Flexible to allow joint movements to take place Tensile strength prevents joint from dislocation

Secretes synovial fluid

Attaches bone to bone

A smooth white layer that covers the articulating surface of bones Reduces friction, absorbs shock and protects bones Thickness depends on the amount of stress it is exposed to