Nutrition
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Define nutrition
the study of how animals consume, digest, transport, metabolize, and excrete nutrients.
What is the ruminant’s digestive system composed of?
Composed of 1.Reticulum 2.Omasum 3.Rumen 4.Abomasum 5.Small intestine 6.Large intestine 7.Cecum
What do cattle eats
Byproducts that humans generate
What do you need to formulate a diet in ruminants
Energy and Nitrogen
What is the omasum (3rd compartment) in ruminant digestive system?
Absorption of water • manyplies • stockman’s bible
What is the abomasum in ruminant digestive system?
True stomach -produces acid
Digestive system of the horse (elephant, rabbit)
Monogastric with functional cecum
Classification of the digestive system of horse
Nonruminant herbivore -simple stomach yet available to digest forage
Where is the site of microbial fermentation in horses?
Cecum
Horses mouth will produce
fair amount of siliva (10gal/day) -no salivary enzymes (amylase)
Amylase breaks down
Carbohydrates
Why is the horse’s esophagus problematic?
no reverse peristaltic contractions
What are the implications of having no peristaltic contractions?
Horse can’t throw up nor burp
Horse have relatively
small stomach for their size (3-4 gal)
What does a small stomach in a horse tells you about their behavior?
Horses have to eat lots of small meals throughout the day
Small intestine in horses have
no gallbladder (stores bile- a fluid produce by the liver that helps break down fatty foods) -secrete 300 ml/hr
Large intestine in horses is composed of
• Cecum • small colon • large colon • rectumn
What happens in the cecum of a horse?
Absorption of votalite fatty acids Synthesis of B-complex vitamins by microbes Production of microbial proteins
Are B-complex vitamins absorb in horses? Where?
B vitamins are not absorb in the small intestine. However, there is some absorption of the B vitamins in the large intestine.
What part of the digestive track are vitamins absorb?
small intestine
Urea can be fed to cattle as a source of nitrogen. Assuming no palatability or toxitity issues, what would happen if urea was given to a horse?
Gut microbes convert it to microbial protein, but it is not absorbed.
What is coprophagy?
A behavior of an animal eating it’s own feces (because there is protein that they were not able to utilize before so this is an opportunity to recover those proteins).
Where are proteins broken down into amino acids and absorb?
Small intestine
What are the nutrients requirement
Age Production Body composition