Final review

shows a phenotypes more surviving offspring • must vary in characteristics • more favorable characteristics survive

• directional • stabilizing • disruptive • balanced

evolve from different original structures, have similar traits but no common ancestry

evolve in diverse directions from common ancestor, most things

• biological • morphospecies • phylogenetic

if they breed, they will be the same species, result in reproductive isolation - Pre/postzygotic

use different morphology to distinguish species, group by looks

same genetics, from same ancestry, smallest used but based on testable facts

begore fertilization, prevents mating • temporal • behavioral • gametal • habitable • mechanical

can breed but offspring either do not survive or cannot reproduce, includes hybrid viability and hybrid sterility

2 different species geologically separated, cannot breed, no gene flow • dispersal • vicariance

close enough to interbreed, can still be speciation

group decides to move and form new colony

the physical splitting of a habitat

• absorb through leaves and roots - increased SA + V = increased absorption

• xylem - phloem

carries water and nutrients up from soil to roots, only up

carries sugar down from leaves to rest of plant, can move up and down

a genotypes ability to change its phenotype

• chloroplasts • vacuole • plasmodesmata • stomata • guard cells

make and store chlorophyll

individual disks of chloroplasts, holds chlorophyll, in stacks

large fluid filled vesicle, takes up 90% of cell space, supports

gaps in cell wall that allows for communication and transportation