Basic Genetics Terminology
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Dominant trait
The trait that appears in the F1 HYBRIDS (HETEROZYGOTES) resulting from mating between PURE-BREEDING parental strains showing antagonistic PHENOTYPES.
RNA
Polymer of ribonucleotides found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells. Plays a role in protein synthesis.
Polymer
A linked chain of repeating subunits that form a larger molecule. (DNA is a type of polymer)
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule of heredity that ENCODES genetic information.
Heredity
The way GENES transmit physiological, physical, and behavioral traits from parents to offspring.
Chromosome
The self replicating GENETIC STRUCTURES of cells containing the DNA that carries in its nucleotide sequence (the linear array of genes).
Heterozygote
An individual with TWO DIFFERENT ALLELES for a given GENE or locus.
Monohybrid Cross
Crosses between parents that DIFFER in ONLY ONE trait.
HAPLOID
A SINGLE set of CHROMOSOMES present in the egg and sperm cells of animals and in the egg and pollen cells of plants.
DIPLOID
ZYGOTES and other cells carrying TWO MATCHING sets of Chromosomes.
Mutations
Heritable alterations in the DNA sequence.
Epistatic
Describes an ALLELE of ONE GENE that’s MASKS the effects of ONE or MORE ALLELES of another GENE.
Wild type
Allele present in > 1% of the population
Non mutant PHENOTYPE
Complementation
Mutant PHENOTYPE
Fail to compliment Same gene