Earthquakes and Earth's Interior

The location where slippage begins

location on Earth’s surface directly above the hypocenter

Can occur up to years before the earthquakes

can cause further damage and can occur up to years after earthquakes

Several thousand kilometers long (Sunda megathrust fault - Indonesia)

Slow, gradual displacement that produces seismic shaking (San Andreas Fault)

push-pull waves (longitudinal waves); can travel through all materials; fastest waves

Shear/Mechanical waves; second fastest waves; can only pass through solids

Slowest; cause the damage; two types

Raleigh and Love waves

Damaging, elliptical rolling motion

Side-side shaking

scale of 1-12 that measures damage

Modern Richter’s Scale where an increase in magnitude by 1 = 10x ground shaking and 32x energy

IN earthquakes, water-logged materials begin to act like a fluid, creating sand volcanoes/geysers

displacement along megathrust fautls

A segment on a fault that has not experienced an earthquake within the past 1-2 centuries

When an earthquake causes one side of a fault to uplift, creating a steep break in the ground called

barrier between the crust and the upper mantle