Week 5 - Blood Vessels And Blood Pressure
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Name the main arteries in the body
• common carotid artery (right and left) • subclavian artery (left and right) • brachial artery (right and left) • abdominal aortic artery • radial artery (right and left) • ulnar artery (right and left) • femoral artery (left and right) • popliteal artery (right and left) • posterior tibialis (right and left) • dorsalis pedis (left and right
What are the two arteries in the leg which are commonly palpated to assess blood supply to the lower leg?
• dorsalis pedis - posterior tibialis
What are the smaller blood vessels in the body?
Capillaries
What are the blood vessels which are the primary site of vascular resistance (and therefore have the greatest role in blood pressure regulation)
Arterioles
Which blood vessel are notable for the large analyst of vascular smooth muscle in their walls?
Arterioles
Stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system causes the arterioles to what?
Constrict
True or false: veins have a thinner wall compared to arteries
True
What do veins contain which help to overcome the effects of gravity and assist in venous return?
Valves
Is the volume of blood in veins greater or smaller than the volume of blood in arteries?
Greater
Where are varicose veins most likely to form?
In superficial veins
What are the three veins in the arm commonly used for blood sampling and laboratory testing
• Medial cubital • Cephalic • Basilic
Describe the direction of blood flow from the heart using blood vessels and in order
• Arteries • Arterioles • Capillaries • Venules • Veins
Define cardiac output
The amount of blood pumped out by one ventricle (usually the left) in one minute
Define stroke volume
The amount of blood pumped out by one ventricle (usually the left) in one contraction
Define heart rate
The number of times the heart beats over one minute
If a patient loses a lot of blood and the blood pressure falls, it is due to …
Hypovolaemia
During hypovolaemia, the following responses happen: The veins __ therefore __ the amount of blood returning to the heart (venous return and cardiac preload). The arterioles ___ causing an ___ in peripheral resistance (or peripheral vascular resistance). The heart rate and stroke volume will also ___ to ___ cardiac output
• Constrict • Increasing • Constrict • Increase • Increase • Increase
What type of receptors (and their location) help to lower the blood pressure?
• Baroreceptors - in the aortic arch and carotid arteries/bodies
What type of receptors (and their location) help to raise blood pressure?
• Baroreceptors - in the aortic arch and carotid arteries/bodies
What control centre (and its location) controls the fall in blood pressure?
• The cardiac and Vasomotor centres (cardiovascular) - in the medulla oblongata
What control centre (and its location) helps to raise the blood pressure?
• cardiac and vasomotor centres (cardiovascular) - medulla oblongata
What type of effectors help to lower the blood pressure
Cardiac = myocardium and the SA node Vasomotor = vascular smooth muscle
What type of effectors help to raise the blood pressure?
Cardiac = myocardium and SA node Vasomotor = vascular smooth muscle
What is the body’s response to the fall in blood pressure?
• increased heart rate and contractility • increased venous return • increased PVR (pulmonary vascular resistance)