FINAL EXAM
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Family Bufonidae title
True toads
How many genera and species of Bufonidae
35 genera, 440 species
Where are Bufonidae found
Globally except Antarctica and Australia
How and when do Bufonidae lay eggs
In paired strings & late spring, early summer
Physical characteristics of Bufonidae
-Toothless -Parotid glands on side of head produce bufotoxins -Males have Bidder’s organ
Function of Bidder’s organ
Acts as a pseudo-ovary; transgender organism
Rhinella marinus
Marine Toad or Cane Toad
Where is Rhinella marinus native to
Central and South America
Where is Rhinella marinus invasive at
Caribbean, U.S., Philippines, Fiji, & Australia
Anaxyrus baxteri
Wyoming Toad
Anaxyrus distribution
1 county in Wyoming
Conservation of Anaxyrus
Extinct in the wild as of early 1980s, reintroduced/breeding to reestablish via zoos, severely impacted by chytrid
Atelopus zeteki
Panamanian Golden Frog
Characteristics of zeteki
-Produce neurotoxins in skin -Diurnal, basking toads -Extinct in wild (chytrid) -Breed in open water
Nectophyrnoides asperginis
Kihansi Spray Toad
Where is Kihansi spray toad native to
Kihansi river waterfall in Tanzania
Characteristics of spray toad
-Lack a tympanum membrane -internal fertilization with live birth of toadlets -Extinct in wild
Peltophryne lemur
Puerto Rican Crested Toad
Where is Peltophryne lemur endemic to
Endemic to Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands; was reduced to only 3 breeding populations
Peltophryne lemur characteristics
-Semi-fossorial (tarantula burrows) -Critically endangered
Bufo houstonensis
Houston Toad
Where is Bufo houstonensis endemic to
Endemic to Central Texas
Family Centrolenidae
Glass frogs
How many genera and species of glass frogs and where endemic
11 genera, >100 species; Central America, northern South America, Brazil, & Peru