Psych: Motivation
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What are the early theories of motivation?
• Deterministic/mechanistic • Driven by psyhological needs, drives, incentives and reinforcers • Classical conditioning (Pavlovs dog) • Learning via punishment and reinforcement (Operant Conditioning)
What is the personality and trait approach?
• Assumes motivation is determined by relativity stable traits that are fundamental units of personality • These traits predispose one to act in a certain way, regardless of the situation PERSONALITY DETERMINES BEHAVIOUR
What are the social-cognitive theories?
• See humans as active and purposive • Cognitive - humans are active and driven by thoughts and feelings • Social cognitive - an individuals perceptions of the social environment impacts upon their thoughts and feelings and these responses influence motivated behaviour
What is motivation?
Motivation is fundamental to all human endeavours as it is what intitiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviour
What is the self determination theory?
The theory states that we do things for two different reasons: • We have to • We want to Doing things because we have to is associated with: • maladaptive health outcomes • dropout Doing things because we want to is associated with: • beneficial health outcomes • predicts persistance and adherance
What are the three basic psychological needs?
-Competence (Feeling effective in interacting within an environment and meet the challenges) -Autonomy (Feeling in control of your life and that your actions are in accordance with your interests and personal goals) -Relatedness (Feeling connected to and cared for by those around you)
How can we encourage ‘want to’ behaviours?
• Be in social-environmental conditions which nurture intrinsic tendencies • Show how the task holds considerable appeal on promoting health-related behaviours