Atomic structure and The Periodic Table
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define atom
the smallest part of an element that can still be recognized as that element
define molecule
two or more atoms covalently bonded together in a fixed ratio
Location, relative mass and relative charge of electron
Shells, 1/1836 mu, -1
Location, relative mass and relative charge of proton
Nucleus, 1 mu, +1
Location, relative mass and relative charge of neutron
Nucleus, 1 mu, 0
Atomic number
The total number of protons in the nucleus
Mass number
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Isotope
Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass number
Relative atomic mass
The mean average mass of all the isotopes of an element, taking into account their abundances
Formula for relative atomic mass
(Abundance x mass) + (Abundance x mass) etc /100
What ions do metals form? How do they do this?
Metals become positive ions by losing electrons
How are ions formed?
By electron loss or gain
What ions do non-metals form? How do they do this?
Non-metals become negative ions by gaining electrons
Lithium ion
Li+
Potassium ion
K+
Sodium
Na+
Ammonium
NH4+
Silver
Ag+
Magnesium
Mg2+
Calcium
Ca2+
Barium
Ba2+
Zinc
Zn2+
Aluminium
Al3+
Chloride
Cl-