C1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND THE PERIODIC TABLE

smallest part of an element what can exist

substance of only one type of atom

listed in the periodic table , approx 100

metals and non metals

compounds

two or more or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

different elements or compounds not chemically combined together

filtration , crystallisation, simple distillation , fractional distillation and chromatography they do not involve chemical reaction.

used to separate liquid from a solution Salty water is heated The water vapour cools in the condenser and drips into a beaker The water has condensed and is now in the beaker, the salt stays behind

used to produce solid crystals from a solution. When the solution is warmed, some of the solvent evaporates leaving crystals behind. A solution is placed in an evaporating basin and heated with a Bunsen burner. The volume of the solution has decreased because some of the water has evaporated. Solid particles begin to form in the basin. All the water has evaporated, leaving solid crystals behind.

separate different liquids = a mixture of liquids. Fractional distillation works because the different liquids have different boiling points. When the mixture is heated: vapours rise through a column = hot bottom,= cooler top vapours condense when they reach a part of the column = below the temperature of their boiling point each liquid is led away from the column

Filtration is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid. 1. One beaker contains a mixture of solid and liquid, the other contains a funnel with filter paper 2. The solid and liquid mixture is poured into the filter funnel 3.The liquid drips through the filter paper but the solid particles are caught in the filter paper

used to separate a mixture of substances dissolved ina solvent. we place a piece of paper with a spot containing a mixture in a beaker with some solvent . the bottom of the paper has to be in contact with the solvent . the solvent level will start to rise thus separating the spit into few spots

a glass funnel with a tap at the bottom. two liquids that do not dissolve in each other. Liquids that do not dissolve in each other are called immiscible.

the atom is a ball with positive charge with negative electron embedded in it.

the nuclear model suggests that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances - it came about from alpha scattering experiments.

protons

neutrons in the nucleus

has a small central nucleus (made up of neutrons and protons) around which there are electrons

proton = 1 (mass) +1 (charge) neutron = 1 (mass) 0 (charge) electron = very small -1 (charge)

because the number of electrons is the same as the number of protons

0.1nm

1 x 10 -14 m

atomic number