2.2 - Programming Fundamentals

• Sequence • Selection • Iteration

Structuring code into a logical, sequential order one after the other

Decision making using if or statements

Repeating code using for or while loops

A named location in memory used to store a value which can be changed while the program is running

A variable that doesn’t change whilst the program is running

Named out of line blocks of code that are called in the main program to execute A sequence of instructions that perform a specific task

Variables declared within a specific subroutine that can only be used within that subroutine

• Saves memory • Easier to debug local variables • You can reuse subroutines with local variables in other programs

Variables that can be used at any point within the whole program

• Can be used anywhere in the program • Makes maintenance easier • Can be used for constants

• Add (+) • Subtract (-) • Multiply (*) • Divide (/)

Reveals the remainder from the last whole number, E.G: 9 MOD 4 = 1 (4 goes into 9 twice (8) with a remainder of 1) Operator: MOD or %

Reveals the whole number of times a number can be divided into another number, E.G: 9 DIV = 2 (4 goes into 9 fully, twice) Operator: DIV or //

TRUE or FALSE values (Boolean), E.G: AND, OR or NOT

A single character, such as a letter, number or punctuation symbol, E.G: - T - 8 - ?

A sequence of characters that can include letters, numbers and punctuation, E.G: - Harry Waters - 14:50pm - Ice Age 4

A whole number, E.G: - 475 - -8432 - 5

A decimal number, E.G: - 65.3 - -321.1234 - 909.135

An answer that only has two possible values, E.G: - True / False - Yes / No - 1 / 0

Converting the value of a variable from one data type to another

A list containing items of the same data type

An array with multiple rows and columns that comes in the form of a table

Lists storing data of different data types