Amino Acids Amides And Chirality
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What’s an alpha amino acid
Amino acid with NH2 and COOH attached to same carbon
How to name amino acids
2- amino propanoic acid
All alpha amino acids start with what?
2-amino
Amino acids can act as both acid and base explain how
Amine group has lone pair can accept proton Carboxylic acid group donates proton
How can amino acids form esters
Amino acid plus alcohol ( and H2SO4 catalyst ) Carboxyl group reacts with alcohol Amine group gains proton becomes NH3+
Explain how amino acids can act as nucelophiles
Lone pair on amine group acts as nucleophile Can attract haloalkanes Amine loses hydrogen and haloalkane loses halogen so alkane added to NH HX left over
What is an amide
CONH2 C=O With amine group
How to name CH3CONH2
Ethanamide
How to make amides?
Ammonia or amines with an Acyl chloride
How to form ethanamide
HCL is byproduct NH2 replaces cl
Methanoyl chloride plus ethylamine
2 ways to hydrolyse amides
Acid hydrolysis - heat with HCL and water and form carboxylic acid and ammonium chloride Alkaline hydrolysis - heat with NaOH and form salt and ammonia ( same as esters)
Stereoisomerism definition
Compounds with same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space
What’s a chiral carbon
4 different groups attached to one carbon
Optical isomers definition
Stereoisomers that are non superimposable mirror images about a chiral centre
What are optical isomers also known as
Enantiomers
Draw 3d structure of 2-amino propanoic acid with its optical isomer
How to calculate optical isomers from chiral centre
2^n N= number of chiral carbons / centre