2 Programming

Declaration is telling the computer what the identifier (name) should be and what type of data should be stored for a variable

Assignment is changing the value stored inside a variable. The value stored must match the data type of the variable

Input is collecting data, usually through the keyboard

OUTPUT “enter [something]..” variable = USERINPUT

Output is putting data onto the screen, usually as text

OUTPUT “text”

Character Real String Integer Boolean

Character data is a single letter of text data Eg. ‘a’

Real data is fractional numbers. Eg. ‘0.55’

String data is text data. Eg. “Hello”

Integer data is whole numbers. Eg. ‘12’

Boolean data is a true or false value. Eg. ‘True’ or ‘False’

The type of the data determines how it is stored and what you can do with the data.

Casting is the process of converting data from one type to another.

One of the most common reasons for casting is output. Output must be formatted as a string, and so we may need to convert a certain piece of data to a string. All input also comes as a string, and must then be converted to other data types.

Casting to a string can be done by using the str function Eg. str(3) gives “3”

Casting to an integer can be done using the int function. Eg. int(3.4) gives 3

Casting to a real can be done using the real function. Eg. real(“3.4”) gives 3.4

Operators are symbols that represent a specific function within a program

Integer division Modulo operator Basic Operators

The integer division operator returns the quotient (whole part) of a division. Eg. 5 DIV 2 would give 2.

The modulo operator gives the remainder of the division of two numbers. Eg. 5 MOD 2 would be equal to 1.

Addition is done using a + sign. Subtraction is done using a - sign. Division is done using a / sign. Multiplication is done using a * sign. Exponentiation is done using a ^ sign.

Relational operators compare two values, and produce a True or False value.