6. Organic molecules (ISOMERISM)
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Define what is meant by a structural isomer
Molecules which have the same molecular formula but differ in the way there atoms are arranged (their structural formula)
What are the 2 types of isomers
Structural isomers Sterioisomers
What are the the 3 types of structural isomers
Chain isomers Positional isomers Functional group isomers
Describe what is meant by a chain isomer
Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different skeletal formula eg: 2-methylhexane and 3,3dimethylpentane are both chain isomers of C7H16
Describe what is meant by a positional isomer
Compounds with same molecular formula but different position of functional group eg: Butan-1-ol and Butan-2-ol
Describe what is meant by a functional group isomer
Molecules with same molecular formula but with but different functional groups
Define stereoisomers
Compounds that have the same structural formula have different arrangements of atoms in space (displayed formula) due to restricted rotation around the C=C due to pi bond
Give the 2 types of stereoisomer
Geometrical isomers Optical isomers
When do we use E and Z isomers instead of cis and trans
Use E and Z when there is 2 different groups attached to C=C Cis and trans used when the highest priority groups are the same For a compound to exhibit cis trans it must first exhibit E/Z
When is an E isomer used compared to a Z isomer
E is when the highest atomic number chains are on different sides of the C=C bond. Z is when they are on ze zame zide –> uses priority. Figure out prority group first on the left hand side of double bond, then the right hand side, and see if they are on the same or different sides.