Human Bio EST
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define sprain, what would its symptoms be
a stretch or tear to a ligament. swelling, heat, bruising, inability to bear weight, redness
How would a sprain be treated
RICER
define strain, what would its symptoms be
a stretch or tear to a tendon or muscle. pain when moving, inability to bear weight.
how do you treat a strain
rest, avoid working the injured area until healed
define dislocation, what are its symptoms
an injury where a joint has been forced out of its normal position. pain when moving, inability to move joint, floppy, swelling.
how do you treat a dislocation
relocation by medical professional, surgery in severe cases.
what is a fracture, what are its symptoms
a complete or partial break in the bone. pain in area, area appearing misshapen, visible bone, inability to bear weight.
how is a fracture treated
healing over time in a cast, resting, surgery in severe cases.
what is the purpose of joints. how do they work
allows the body to move more freely and fluidly. ligaments connect two bones at the joint, muscles are attached to these bones via tendons. a muscle contracts and pulls on a bone, creating a bend at the joint.
what are the 3 types of joints, give an example for each.
immovable: skull slightly movable: spine vertebrae free: knee
describe a diagram of a synovial joint.
the ends two bones meet, both ends are covered in cartilage to reduce friction. the bones attach via ligaments. synovial fluid surrounds the junction to lubricate the bones during movement. surrounding muscles attach to the bones via tendons.
5 main functions of the skeletal system
support/posture protection movement red blood cell production storage of fats + minerals
explain the difference between red and yellow bone marroe
red bone marrow is found in flat bones mainly, it produces red blood cells. yellow bone marrow is found in long bones and produces fats.
what is the purpose of the nervous system
to help the body maintain homeostasis by responding to the external environment and responding appropriately. it also coordinated bodily functions like movement or digestion.
explain the negative feedback loop
how the body maintains homeostasis. the body detects changes e.g. body temp increasing and sends a msg to the brain, a decision is make and a response is put into action to bring the temp back - msg is sent to sweat glands and they produce sweat to help the body return to its normal state.
describe a neuron
dendrites, cell body/soma - nucleus in middle, axon surrounded by myelin sheath, axon terminal.
describe the pathway of an electrical signal
• receptors pick up stimulus • sensory neuron carries msg to relay neurons • relay neurons carry msg to brain • brain makes conscious decision • response is coordinated • relay neurons carry msg to motor neurons and action occurs
explain a reflex
an unconscious response to a stimulus, occurs very quick to keep the body safe. to do this the msg does not travel to the brain only the spine (which is why the action is unconscious), white and gray matter act together to coordinate response, msg carried to motor neurons and response happens.