6. notes and revision

this is a mixture of gases surrounding the planet held by gravity.

This is a gas made up of three oxygen atoms

This is the ozone that exists above the earth and protects us from UV rays from the sun. It is good ozone.

When UV is absorbed, oxygen molecules are split into oxygen atoms. These oxygen atoms react with oxygen molecules to form stratospheric ozone.

Stimulates production of vitamin D Used in lasers

CFCs, HCFCs, Halons CFCs eg refridgerators, pesticides, spray cans; they all release a chlorine that depletes ozone Nitrogen oxides; from intensive farming with nitrates

cataract eyes skin cancer destroy phytoplanton

The Montreal Protocol was an international agreement made by the UN after the discovery of the ozone hole in Antarctica. This treaty was an agreement by countries to phase out the use of ozone depleting substances eg cfcs

The ozone hole was a large area above the the stratosphere over antarctica with a large depleted ozone hole.

This is when harmful substances contaminate the atmosphere resulting from urbanisation.

This is when pollutants are emitted directly from a process.

This is when a primary pollutant reacts with other chemicals already in the atmosphere.

Trapospheric ozone sulfur dioxide nitrogen dioxide

Tropospheric ozone is ozone on the ground-level of the Earth’s surface.

Ozone is a greenhouse gas with a global warming potential of 2000x of carbon.

Nitrogen oxides from burning fossils react with chemicals under sunlight producing tropospheric ozone

this is when a mixture of pollutants form a brownish haze and odor it is formed when Nitrogen dioxide reacts with chemicals in the atmosphere and combustion of fossil fuels produced by cars under the presence of sunlight

this is when a layer of warm air traps cooler air near the surface of the earth enhancing photochemical smog

Thermal inversion

ARR Reduce combustion of fossil fuels Renewable energies as an alternative Legislation eg carbon tax education to raise awareness afforestation

Acid deposition is the coming down od acids in form of dry and wet deposition. general term for acid coming down from the air. Often, the acid comes down in the form of rain (or snow), this is called wet deposition. Dry deposition is when the acid comes down as ash or dry particles.

Acids are chemicals that prdduce h+. are able to give a hydrogen ion (H+) away.

it measures acidity. increasing acidity 0 to 4 neutral 5 to 9 increasing alkalinity 9 to 14

The acidity of solutions is measured using the pH scale.