B1 Cell structure and transport

Cells with genetic material enclosed in a nucleus

dont have a nucleus to enclose genetic material Contains DNA in loops Has one larger loop of DNA and a smaller one called am plasmid

The border of all types of cells Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Contains all genetic information Controls the activities of the cell

Most chemical reactions

Aerobic respiration

Proteins (protein synthesis)

Subcellular structures responsible for photosynthesis Plant cells only

A subcellular structure filled with cell sap (store of nutrients for the cell) Plant cells only

Made from cellulose Strengthens the cell Plant cells only

Holds genetic information in the cell

Small loop of DNA Only found in prokaryotic cells Allow bacteria to swap gen etic information

A cell with a specific job of or function

The way cells become specialised Develop new features to help them perform a specific function

A group of cells with similar structures or functions A tissue is formed when these cells begin to work together

Collection of tissues performing a specific function

Several organs working together

You can see large subcellular structures like the nucleus but not much else

How much the microscope can enlarge the object

The measure of the level of detail you can see with a microscope

Has a much higher magnification and resolution than electron microscope Essential for discovering the smaller subcellular structures

The net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration Happens across cell membranes Does not require energy

The difference in concentration of a substance between 2 places A steeper concentration gradient means there is a bigger difference in concentration

Oxygen transported into the blood stream Carbon dioxide is transported out How urea moves from cells into the bloodstream