exam 1 -- eq. lecture
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will the cell ever achieve equilibrium?
no, or else it will die but the enzs do shift the rxns towards eq. and the lowest energy state (decreasing the release of energy). Cell attempts to achieve homeostasis instead
what is equilibrium?
equilibrium is the rate of change of the reaction. NOT the concentration of the species
free energy 6
• the energy needed or released to drive the reaction in a particular direction. • It is based on the compound concentrations. • Hence, change in concen. = change in FE. • NOT changed by the enz. • related to change in enthalpy and in entropy • found in bonds
Le Chatelier’s Principle
if one compound gets affected, they all/most will too. do NOT take temp and pressure into consideration bc they are likely to remain unchanged
Keq equation
always consider the rxn as written [products] // [reactants]. CRUCIAL to calc FE of the system
Freely reversible enzymes 3
closer to equilibrium restores intermediates when needed limited regulated
non freely reversible enzs 3
regulated reaction (rate limiting because it regulates the pathway) energy change can force it to go in a diff. direction by removing a substrate
relation between metabolic reactions and equilibrium
they move TOWARDS equ. (lowest energy)
glucose is …
glucose is a primary source for energy production
do cells bypass energy requirements?
yes, they do. they use alternative pathways to fulfill various needs without using energy.