Chapter 11
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The output of a manufacturing process shows random variations due to …… variability (one word, small letters)
Inherent
According to principle … of HACCP, control limits must be set for the pasteurization temperature of milk. (answer with a number)
3
HACCP is not the only quality management system implemented in the food industry. A. True B. False
A
Purpose of packaging
It is the ultimate step in maintaining any gains effected by processing food products and provides for food distribution, product safety, and convenience Aside from its food preservation role, packaging serves to display, advertise, and inform
Another name fo rallied industry
Ancillary sector
How much of all packaging materials food packaging uses
50%
What costs more food product or packaging
Packaging
Why do you need specialize machinery in food manufacture for packaging
filling/forming/closing
Why do we need packaged to have specialized performance characteristics
Packages themselves often undergo additional processes freezing, thermal processing, cooking, etc.
Some Desirable Features Associated with an Ideal Package (13)
Nontoxic and compatible with food product Sanitary and rugged protects product against micro and macrorganisms , i.e., Excludes bacteria, insects, rats Moisture/fat protection no transfer/absorption of either Gas/odor protection no transfer Light protection reduce product autoxidation/color fading Transparency glass/plastic Tamper resistance prevent opening before purchase Ease of opening pull tabs, twist caps Low weight shipping costs Pouring feature convenience Re sealing capability convenience/extend shelf life Ease of disposal biodegradable -Resistance to impact plastic Appearance printability/color/size/shape Special features e.g., Microwaveable
The ideal package would address ___ at minimal cost
as many of these features as possible at minimal cost
Tetra Brik is suitable for commercial sterilization A. True B. False
B
What is primary package
Primary comes into contact with food
What is secondary package
Secondary often provides for rigidity, printing or grouping products into a larger unit
What is tertiary packaging
Tertiary fulfills the same role with respect to secondary packaging
Describe what packages are there for frozen foods and can foods in regards ti primary,secondary,etc.
e.g., frozen foods plastic bag ( 1 °°), Cardboard box 2 Cans ( 1 °°) and corrugated box 2 °°) and pallet to hold a set number of boxes ( 3
Examples of rigid,semirigid and flexible packaging
Rigid e.g., Cans, jars Semi rigid e.g., Squeeze bottle/tetra brick Flexible e.g., Retort pouch/plastic bags
Advantages and cons of rigid and flexible packaging
Rigid packaging provides best protection but occupies a lot of space Flexible packaging does not provide as much protection but significantly reduces warehousing costs
Tetra brick is what kind of packaging (classification in flexible-rigid classification) and another classification
Tetra brick combination of both (flexible made into semi rigid) and is made on site from roll stock Tetra brick is one of many form fill seal ” packages
Another form-fill-seal example (not tetra brick)
Other forms include plastic bottles, form trays, etc. That are made by blow molding on site
What is hermetic packaging
A hermetic package is by definition impermeable to gases and vapors
What packaging meet the requirements of hermetic packaging
Cans and bottles meet these requirements, as does tetra brick
Does flexible packaging is hermetic?
Many flexible packages are semi permeable to gases and susceptible to pinholes Exception is the retort pouch
Common packaging materials
Metal Glass Paper Plastics Plastic/Metal/Paper Laminates