UNIT III_THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION
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What are the thoughts usually inclined with evolution?
• Only the strong survive 2. Survival of the fittest
How is genetic variation passed on?
Through reproduction
Natural selection leads to ___
Evolution
1821 at age 22, Darwin joined the crew of the ___ as a naturalist for a 5-year voyage.
H.M.S. Beagle
What did Darwin’s travels reveal?
• The diversity of living species was far greater than anyone previously known. • These observations led him to develop the theory of evolution. • The processes that have transformed life on earth from its earliest forms to a vast diversity
(1) What are the definitions of evolution?
• The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.
(2) What are the definitions of evolution?
• The gradual development of something, especially from a simple to a more complex form.
(3) What are the definitions of evolution?
• Any change in the heritable traits within a population across generations.
(4) What are the definitions of evolution?
• Results in new species
What are Darwin’s observations?
• Life is diverse. • Fossils • Galapagos Island
What do you call the preserved remains of once-living organisms?
Fossils
These islands are very close together but have very different climates - has its own unique assortment of plant and animal.
Galapagos Island
On the desert-like Hood island, the neck of the tortoises are?
Long necks
On the lush rainforest of Isabela Island, the neck of the tortoises are?
Short necks
On Pinta Island, the neck of the tortoises are?
Between long and short
Whose Ideas shaped Darwin’s Thinking?
• James Hutton • Charles Lyell • Thomas Malthus • John-Bapiste Lamarck
Who proposed that the earth was shaped by geological forces which occurred over very long periods of time?
James Hutton (1785)
Who proposed the theory of uniformitarianism which states that changes in the earth’s crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes? -geological processes that shaped the earth are still occurring now.
Charles Lyell (1797-1875)
Who observed that the birth rate far surpassed death rate and stated that famine, disease, and war were necessary for population control?
Thomas Malthus
He is the first to propose a scientific theory for the way life changed over time - suggested that all life descended from a common ancestor.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
He proposed that through the selective use and disuse of organs, organisms could gain or lose traits.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
What was wrong with Lamarck’s Theory?
• Didn’t know about genes and how traits are inherited. 2. Acquired traits cannot be passed on.
What is right about Lamarck’s Theory?
• First to develop a scientific hypothesis about the evolution • Recognized that organisms are adapted to their environments.
He published an essay describing his work in Malaysia and outlining the same ideas that Darwin had for 25 years.
Alfred Russel Wallace