Definition

d block element which can form 1 or more stable ions with its partially filled d subshell

atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different molacular mass

• SEP is the electromotive force, measured at 298K, b/w half-cell and standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). • conc. of any reacting species is 1mol/dm3 and gaseous speices at 1bar

potential difference b/w 2 half cell under standard conditions

it is a state in a reversible system, where rate of forward rxn and rate of backwards reactions are continuing at the same rate, resulting in no net change in macroscopic properties of reactants and products.

change in conc. of a particular reactant/product per unit time find instantateous rate by using gradient

Rate constant is the proportionality constant in the rate equation of the reaction. k increases with temperature or with catalyst

It is the power to which the concentration of that reactant is raised to in the rate equation

time taken for the conc of a reactant to decrease to half its initial value t(1/2) = ln2/k

solution that can resist pH changes when small amounts of acid or base is added

Proton Acceptor

Proton Acceptor

electron pair acceptor

electron pair donor

Relative ability for atom in molecule to attract bonding electrons ATOMS IN MOLECULE!!!!! SIGMA PLS READ!!

zwitterions are electrically neutral molecules with carboxylic acid and the amine functional groups that undergo ionisation to form oppositely charged ends with a COO− group and a –NH3+ group ionic bonds formed between the oppositely charged ends

Stereoisomerism refers to the existence of two or more compounds with the same molecular formula and structural formula but different spatial arrangement of atoms.

Constitutional isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Entropy is a measure of the degree of disorder in the system

A free radical is a chemical species which contains an unpaired electron.

Covalent bond breaks with each atom involve in forming the bond acquiring 1 of the 2 bonding e- and forming radicals

electron pair donors attracted to electron deficient sites