Female Repro
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Ovaries- Functions
produce female sex hormones and develop female gametes -produce eggs (oocyte; ova) -produce estrogen -produce progesterone
ovarian follicles
contain egg, produce estrogen
corpus lutem (in ovaries)
produce progesterone
Oviducts
-site for fertilization -transport egg and sperm -no implantation here
Uterous
-provides a site for developing fetus -transport of spermatozoa from cervix to uterus -site of embryo implantation- nourishment -types (shapes) differ across species -produces hormone prostaglandin –lyses (kills) a corpus luteum (stops gestation, starts parturition)
Vagina
site of delivery for spermatozoa
Uterine Morphologies Name the 4 types
Duplex Bipartite Bicornuate Simplex
Duplex
Uterine horns, 2 cervices, rabbits
Bipartite
Uterine horns. Single cervix, mouse
Bicornuate
Uterine Body and uterine horn, single cervix, cow (livestock!)
simplex
single uterine body, single cervix, human
Cervix
-often considered part of the uterus -passageway for sperm and fetus -barrier between uterus and vagina; protects uterus
Vagina
-copulatory (sexual union) organ Thousands of oocytes present at birth, only some develop into mature ova -depends on species -uniparous-normally one offspring at one time-one ovum per cycle -multiparous-give birth to litters- many follicles ripen at one time Ex. dogs cats, pigs, sheep goats
Estrogen
Produced by the cells of the developing ovarian follicles- responsible for the physical and behavioral changes that prepare females for breeding (ex. Standing for mounting)
Progestins
-produced by the corpus luteum -help prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized ovum and are needed to maintain pregnancy
Estrus
Noun -period of time when female is in heat -increased concentrations of estrogen -approaching ovulation
Estrous
(ADJECTIVE) cycle -period of time from one estrus to the next -21 days in mare, cow, pig -16-17 days in ewe -controlled by hormones
hypothalamus produces GNRH=…
=gonadotropin releasing hormone -stimulates the anterior pituitary to release -FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) -LH (luteining hormone)
what does rising FSH do
stimulates follicular growth
what does rising LH do
causes the follicle to rupture and release the oocyte=ovulation
Prolactin
-helps promote lactation
Relaxin
cervical dilation, pelvic muscle relaxation