Unit 1:1 Division and Differentiation
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What are Somatic Cells?
All the Cells of the body apart from and the cells that produce gametets Eg. Skin, Bones, Blood
What are Germline cells?
Gametes or cells that can produce gametes Eg. sperm
What are stem cells?
They are unspecialised cells that can differentiate into specialised cells. For example: Stem cells differentiating into skin cells for regeneration after damage to the skin.
Do Somatic cells divide by Mitosis, Meiosis or Both?
Mitosis
What is Mitosis National5 Revision
Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, resulting in two identical daughter cells. This ensures that the chromosome complement is maintained.
Do Germline cells divide by Mitosis, Meiosis or Both?
Both. Explanation: Cell divides by mitosis to make new Germline cells THEN divides by meiosis to make haploid gametes.
How does Meiosis occur?
Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces gametes by halving the chromosomes in the cell.
What is Cellular Differentiation?
When an unspecialised cell becomes specialised by expressing genes that make characteristic proteins.
How can we describe a pluripotent cell?
Pluripotent cells can differentiate into any cell found in the body
How do we describe a multipotent cell?
Multipotent cells are limited in what they can differentiate to.
How may stem cells be used Therapeutically?
To repair damaged/diseased organs/tissue
Address a for and against ethical reason for Embryonic stem cell use
1 For: They can cure many diseases that can save lives. Actual life holds more value to potential life 2Against: The embryos are destroyed when the stem cells are removed (destroying potential life)
Describe Cancer Cells.
• Divide Rapidly • Dont respond to Regulatory Signals • Ignored by the Immune System • mass of ABNORMAL cells.
What is a benign tumor?
Mass of abnormal cells which are ATTATCHED. They are easily removed and usually not life-threatening.
How does a Malignant Tumor occur?
A malignant tumor occurs when the abnormal cells FAIL TO ATTACH to each other causing them to spread throughout the bloodstream and create secondary tumors elsewhere in the body.