Ch. 33: Cells and Tissues

similar types of cells which have common origin and function classifications -parynchyma -collenchyma -sclerenchyma -epidermis

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type of ground tissue most of the soft, moist primary growth of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits functions -photosynthesis -respiration -storage -secretion

type of ground tissue function -flexible strength for growing plant parts important adaptation in parts such as elongating stems that require structural support as they grow contains a primary wall built of layers of cellulose and pectin -thickens as the cell synthesizes these components

type of ground tissue functions -rigid support -physical/mechanical protection

types of sclerenchyma sclerids -give pears slightly gritty texture fibers -compared to heavy rubber --pliable but resist stretching

part of dermal tissue system complex tissue that covers the primary plant body outer surface is coated with waxes that are embedded in cutin, a network of chemically linked fats functions -control of gas exchange -water loss -protection

coating secreted from epidermal cells that resists water loss and helps fend off attacks by microbes coats all external parts except the very tips of the shoot and most absorptive parts of the roots

waxy polymer that is a main component of the plant cuticle

porelike openings between guard cells functions -gas exchange -water intake/outtake

contain chloroplasts (can carry out photosynthesis) and stomata

specialized parenchyma cells that connect to mature sieve-tube members by plasmodesmata functions -assist sieve-tube members both with uptake of sugars and unloading into tissues -help regulate metabolism of mature sieve-tube members

outgrowths that give the stems or leaves of some plants a hairy appearance some exude sugars that attract insect pollinators

lateral meristem responsible for secondary growth that replaces the epidermis in roots and stems produced by the first pericycle and later by initials in secondary phloem

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waxy substance impermeable to water impregnates the Casparian strip

vascular tissue that contains stacked water-conducting cells called tracheids transport of water and dissolved minerals

vascular tissue that is an adaptation for transporting sugars and other metabolic products function -sugar transport

undifferentiated meristem cells between the primary xylem and phloem divide to give rise to cells that further divide, differentiate and specialize to form the secondary vascular tissue

tough polymer that strengthens the secondary wall of certain types of plant cells helps vascular plants to grow taller and star erect on land gives phothsynthetic tissues better access to sunlight

conducting cell defining characteristic of vascular plants to differentiate them from non-vascular plants develop a thick lignified cell wall -at maturity the protoplast has broken down and disappeared

type of tracheary element water can move from cell to cell through openings called pits -usually seeps laterally

type of tracheary element arose in most lineages of angiosperms have pits through which water can move from cell to cell adaptations to enhance water flow -have wider inside diameter than tracheids -enzymes break down portions of their end walls producing perforations as they mature

openings in cells through which water moves