MYTH 6 - Lecture 20 - How does fitness change with age
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What is the centre of mass and base of support
COM - balance point of an object BOS - area in contact with the support surface As long as you maintain the centre of mass in the base of support then you are balanced
What is postural control
the regulation of the body’s position in space
What is proprioception
awareness of where the body’s parts are in relation to the environment and other parts of out body - the 4 information pathways are [vision; vestibular information, proprioception; receptors in the skin]
What are semi-circular canals
Senses head rotations in all 3 dimensions (angular acceleration)
What is an otolith organ
Senses head movement in a straight line (left/right, forward/backward and up/down) –> linear acceleration
for proprioception, what does the muscle spindle do and what does the golgi tendon organ do
Spindle - helps detect changes in muscle fibre length Organ - detects changes in muscle tension
What is sarcopenia
loss of skeletal muscle mass due to loss of muscle fibres due to increasing age. This reduces muscle cross-sectional area • loss of muscle contractility • loss of neuronal innervation
In a healthy young person 30% body weight is muscle and 20% is adipose tissue (fat), what are these percentages for a 75+ year old?
15% is muscle and 40% is adipose tissue
List the age related changes - Summary
Check refill for answers - need to understand - pg 5 slide 2
what are the 3 theories of aging
Free Radical - Mitochondria create free-radicals by leaking electron transport intermediates. These free-radicals cumulatively damage DNA (esp, mitochondrial DNA), proteins and lipids. Dietary antioxidants decrease accumulation of oxidative damage but do not increase the lifespan in mice. Caloric restriction DOES decrease oxidative damage AND increase life span in numerous animal models Damage theory - Cumulative cell damage caused by environmental micro-insults [Physical: heat, UV, ionisation, radiation; Chemical: toxins, free radicals; Infectious: mutagenic viruses; Mechanical: trauma to vessels and joints] Gene regulation - Ageing due to changes in gene expression, especially insulin like growth factors (ILGF) pathway. Genetic component to longevity is clear