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Genes and Chromosomes

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

#1
Front (Question)

DNA shape difference: prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Back (Answer)

Prokaryotes have circular DNA, eukaryotes have linear DNA

#2
Front (Question)

What are histones

Back (Answer)

proteins associated with DNA

#3
Front (Question)

Do prokaryotes or eukaryotes have histones

Back (Answer)

Only eukaryotes

#4
Front (Question)

Ploidy of prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

Back (Answer)

prokaryotes are haploids, eukaryotes are diploids

#5
Front (Question)

Plasmid

Back (Answer)

Accessory DNA that may give prokaryotes a competitive advantage in survival

#6
Front (Question)

Name two ways in which plasmids can be useful

Back (Answer)

It can be transferred between cells or even species, and it can be used as a vector (contain a gene that can be added to another organism’s DNA)

#7
Front (Question)

What did John Carins contribute

Back (Answer)

He invented a technique for measuring the length of DNA molecules (having them grow on radioactive thymine, where their DNA will leave a mark once the cell is popped)

#8
Front (Question)

How many chromosomes do humans have

Back (Answer)

46 or 23 pairs

#9
Front (Question)

What are genes

Back (Answer)

sections of DNA that code for specific proteins

#10
Front (Question)

Alleles

Back (Answer)

Variations of the same genes

#11
Front (Question)

Where do new allels come from

Back (Answer)

mutations

#12
Front (Question)

Homologous chromosomes

Back (Answer)

Chromosomes that contain the same genes at the same locuses (specific position) *Can be different allele of same gene

#13
Front (Question)

What is a karyotype

Back (Answer)

A unique set of 46 chromosomes which an individual possesses

#14
Front (Question)

Karyogram

Back (Answer)

A diagram of the chromosomes one possesses, where chromosomes are arranged in order from longest to shortest by homologous pairs

#15
Front (Question)

Why are karyograms useful

Back (Answer)

It can help diagnose chromosomal disorders

#16
Front (Question)

DNA

Back (Answer)

set of instructions on protein synthesis

#17
Front (Question)

chromatin

Back (Answer)

long, intertwined strands of DNA wrapped around histones

#18
Front (Question)

chromatid

Back (Answer)

one coiled chromosome in preparation for mitosis

#19
Front (Question)

autosome

Back (Answer)

chromosomes that are not involved in deteriming an organism’s sex

#20
Front (Question)

What chromosomes do men and women have

Back (Answer)

men- XY, women-XX

#21
Front (Question)

What chromosome does a sperm and egg have, respectively

Back (Answer)

X or Y, while eggs only contain X chromosomes

#22
Front (Question)

Centromere

Back (Answer)

Pinched in center of chromatid

#23
Front (Question)

Sister chromatids

Back (Answer)

Identical chromosomes joined at the centromere as a result of DNA replication

#24
Front (Question)

How do eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells divide

Back (Answer)

Mitosis and binary fission